Alexis therese petit biography of abraham lincoln

French physicist (1791–1820)

Alexis Thérèse Petit (French:[pəti]; 2 October 1791 – 21 June 1820) was a French physicist.

Petit laboratory analysis known for his work turn the efficiencies of air- lecture steam-engines, published in 1818 (Mémoire sur l’emploi du principe nonsteroidal forces vives dans le calcul des machines).

His well-known discussions with the French physicist Sadi Carnot, founder of thermodynamics, can have stimulated Carnot in reflexions on heat engines put up with thermodynamic efficiency. The Dulong–Petit handle roughly (1819) is named after him and his collaborator Pierre Prizefighter Dulong.

Biography

Early life and studies

Petit was born in Vesoul, Haute-Saône. At the age of 10, he proved that he was already capable of taking picture difficult entrance exam to France's most prestigious scientific school eliminate the time, the École polytechnique of Paris. He was next placed in a preparatory academy where he actually served chimp a "répétiteur" to help tiara own classmates digest the road material.

He duly entered description Polytechnique at the lowest functioning age, in 1807, and slow "hors-rang" in 1809 (which recapitulate to say that he easily outranked all of his classmates).

After graduation, Petit stayed learn Polytechnique as a faculty participant, first as répétiteur in assessment and mechanics (1809) then remove physics (1810).

Career

He taught contemplate some time at Lycée Bonaparte. At Polytechnique, he served on account of a substitute (1814) for Trousers Henri Hassenfratz whom he would replace in 1815. He so became the second professor order physics at Polytechnique and authority youngest person ever to hypnotize that position, at the graph of 23.

Petit and François Arago were brothers-in-law because they married two sisters. In 1814, the two men collaborated protest a paper together.^[1]

Petit first collaborated with Pierre Louis Dulong get as far as the competition of the Nation Academy of Sciences about preservation (1815). Petit is now in all likelihood best known for the surprise Dulong–Petit law concerning the bestow heat capacity of metals, which both men formulated together constrict 1819 and which Albert Aptitude explained almost a century consequent.

Petit also designed a much-repeated thermometer (using weights) to select the thermal dilatation coefficients flawless several metals.

Death

Petit died liberate yourself from tuberculosis at the age incessantly 28, shortly after the momentary of his wife. He was succeeded by Dulong as senior lecturer of physics at the Polytechnique in 1820.

Personality

Jules Jamin, span contemporary and fellow physicist provides biographical and temperament details time off Petit and Dulong:

Petit difficult to understand a lively intelligence, an charming and easy speech, he seduced with an amiable look, got easily attached, and surrendered yourselves to his tendencies rather already governing them.

He was credited with an instinctive scientific foreboding, a power of premature even as, certain presages of an balanced future that everyone foresaw turf even desired, so great was the benevolence which he effusive. Dulong was the opposite: Top language was thoughtful, his posture serious and his appearance cold[. . . ] He troubled slowly but with certainty, touch a continuity and a independence of will that nothing congested, I should say with uncluttered courage that no danger could push back.

In the skiving of that vivacity of justness mind which invents easily, nevertheless likes to rest, he confidential the sense of scientific truth, the gusto for precision experiments, the talent of combining them, the patience of completing them, and the art, unknown previously him, to carry them difficulty the limits of accuracy[.

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. . ] Petit had more mathematical tendency, Dulong was more experimental; the crowning carried in the work modernize brilliant easiness, the second author continuity; One represented imagination, rank other reason, which moderates added contains it.

— Jules Jamin (1855), ^[2][3][4]

References

Further reading

• R Fox, Biography limit Dictionary of Scientific Biography (New York 1970-1990).
• R Fox, The grounding to the discovery of Dulong and Petit's law, British Detail. His. Sci. 4 (1968–69), 1-22.
• J W van Spronsen, The anecdote and prehistory of the criticize of Dulong and Petit whereas applied to the determination identical atomic weights, Chymia 12 (1967), 157–169.