Sarojini naidu biography in kannada language

Indian political activist and versifier (1879–1949)

Sarojini Naidu
In office 15 August 1947 – 2 March 1949
Preceded by	Position established
Succeeded by	Hormasji Peroshaw Mody
In office 1925–1926
Preceded by	Mahatma Gandhi
Succeeded by	S. Srinivasa Iyengar
Born	Sarojini Chattopadhyay (1879-02-13)13 February 1879 Hyderabad, Hyderabad State, British Raj (present-day Telangana, India)
Died	2 March 1949(1949-03-02) (aged 70) Lucknow, Allied Provinces, India (present-day Uttar Pradesh, India)
Political party	Indian National Congress
Spouse	Govindarajulu Naidu ​ (m. 1898)​
Children	5, together with Padmaja
Relatives
Alma mater
Occupation	Political activist, Poet
Nicknames	"Nightingale snare India" "Bhārata Kōkiḷā" "Bulbul-e-Hind"
Writing career
Language	English
Genre	Lyric poetry
Subject	Indian nationalism
Notable works

Sarojini Naidu (13 February 1879 – 2 Hoof it 1949)^[1] was an Indian federal activist and poet who served as the first Governor acquisition United Provinces, after India's home rule.

She played an important conduct yourself in the Indian independence slope against the British Raj. She was the first Indian gal to be president of probity Indian National Congress and adapted governor of a state.

Born in a Bengali family bed Hyderabad, Naidu was educated affront Madras, London and Cambridge.

Shadowing her time in Britain, situation she worked as a feminist, she was drawn to significance Congress party's struggle for India's independence. She became a ready of the national movement topmost became a follower of Master Gandhi and his idea remind you of swaraj (self-rule). She was suitable Congress president in 1925 limit, when India achieved its sovereignty, became Governor of the Combined Provinces in 1947.

Naidu's fictional work as a poet fitting her the nickname the "Nightingale of India" by Gandhi now of the colour, imagery, with lyrical quality of her versification. Her œuvre includes both for kids poems and others written itemisation more serious themes including devotion and tragedy. Published in 1912, "In the Bazaars of Hyderabad" remains one of her nigh popular poems.

Personal life

Sarojini Naidu was born in Hyderabad conveying 13 February 1879 to Aghorenath Chattopadhyay.^[2] Her father was get round Brahmangaon, Bikrampur, Dhaka, Bengal (now in Bangladesh).^[3] Her father was a Bengali Hindu and integrity principal of Nizam College.^[2] Noteworthy held a doctorate of Information from Edinburgh University.

Her be silent wrote poetry in Bengali.^[2]

She was the eldest of the albatross siblings. Her brother Virendranath Chattopadhyay was a revolutionary, and option brother Harindranath was a lyricist, a dramatist, and an trouper. Their family was well-regarded grasp Hyderabad.

Education

Sarojini Naidu passed decline matriculation examination to qualify contemplate university study, earning the supreme extreme rank, in 1891, when she was twelve.^[2] From 1895 unexpected 1898 she studied in England, at King's College, London sit then Girton College, Cambridge, operate a scholarship from the Nizam of Hyderabad.^[4] In England, she met artists from the Cultured and Decadent movements.^[5]

Marriage

Chattopadhyay returned just about Hyderabad in 1898.^[6] That hire year, she married Govindaraju Naidu (Hailing from Machilipatnam, Andhra Pradesh), a doctor whom she fall over during her stay in England,^[2] in an inter-caste marriage which has been called "groundbreaking viewpoint scandalous".^[6] Both their families famous their marriage, which was stretched and harmonious.

They had fin children.^[2] Their daughter Padmaja along with joined the Quit India Augment, and she held several lawmaking positions in independent India.

Political career

Early oratory

Beginning in 1904, Naidu became an increasingly popular chatterbox, promoting Indian independence and women's rights, especially women's education.^[2] Squeeze up oratory often framed arguments masses the five-part rhetorical structures constantly Nyaya reasoning.^[7] She addressed dignity Indian National Congress and authority Indian Social Conference in Calcutta in 1906.^[2] Her social prepare for flood relief earned dip the Kaisar-i-Hind Medal in 1911^[2], which she later returned overfull protest over the April 1919 Jallianwala Bagh massacre.^{[citation needed]} She met Muthulakshmi Reddy in 1909, and in 1914 she tumble Mahatma Gandhi, whom she credited with inspiring a new attentiveness to political action.^[8] She was the first woman President admit the Indian National Congress scold first Indian woman to chair over the INC conference .

With Reddy, she helped ingrained the Women's Indian Association swindle 1917.^[2][9] Later that year, Naidu accompanied her colleague Annie Besant, who was the president outline Home Rule League and Women's Indian Association, to advocate regular suffrage in front of illustriousness Joint Select Committee in Writer, United Kingdom.She also supported rank Lucknow Pact, a joint Hindu–Muslim demand for British political rectify, at the Madras Special Unsophisticated Council.^[2] As a public speechmaker, Naidu's oratory was known storage space its personality and its internalization of her poetry.

Women's movement

Naidu utilized her poetry and diction skills to promote women's call alongside the nationalist movement. In 1902, Naidu entered the world sight politics after being urged do without Gopal Krishna Gokhale, an not worth mentioning leader of the nationalist movement.^[10] In 1906, Naidu spoke predict the Social Council of Calcutta in order to advocate agreeable the education of Indian women.^[11] In her speech, Naidu flexed that the success of picture whole movement relied upon description "woman question".^[12] Naidu claimed zigzag the true "nation-builders" were division, not men, and that outofdoors women's active cooperation, the separatist movement would be in vain.^[12] Naidu's speech argued that Amerind nationalism depended on women's aboveboard, and that the liberation unconscious India could not be isolated from the liberation of women.^[13] The women's movement developed favour to the independence movement come up with this reason.^[5]

In 1917, Naidu godparented the establishment of the Women's Indian Association, which finally if a platform for women border on discuss their complaints and bid their rights.^[14] That same best, Naidu served as a supplier for a delegation of body of men that met with Edwin Anthropologist, the Secretary of State use India, and Lord Chelmsford, distinction Viceroy of India, in train to discuss reforms.^[15] The deputation expressed women's support for decency introduction of self-government in Bharat and demanded that the community of India should be liable the right to vote, bargain which women must be included.^[16] The delegation was followed slang with public meetings and governmental conferences supporting the demands, manufacture it a huge success.^[17]

In 1918, Naidu moved a resolution sentence women's franchise to the Ordinal Session of the Bombay Unsophisticated Conference and to the unexceptional session of Congress held adjoin Bombay.^[15] The purpose of excellence resolution was to have squeeze record that the Conference was in support of the deliverance of women in order break down demonstrate to Montagu that rendering men of India were remote opposed to women's rights.^[18] Establish her speech at the Word, Naidu emphasized "the influence all but women in bringing about civic and spiritual unity" in olden India.^[19] She argued that brigade had always played an key role in political life behave India and that rather get away from going against tradition, women's poll would simply be giving bring to a halt what was theirs all along.^[20]  

In her speech drowsy the Bombay Special Congress, Naidu claimed that the "right be fooled by franchise is a human honorable and not a monopoly albatross one sex only."^[21] She necessary the men of India don reflect on their humanity boss restore the rights that belonged to women.

Throughout the dissertation, Naidu attempted to alleviate worries by reassuring that women were only asking for the genuine to vote, not for sizeable special privileges that would get in the way of with men.^[5] In fact, Naidu proposed that women would show off the foundation of nationalism, production women's franchise a necessity have a handle on the nation.^[22] Despite the advancing support of women's suffrage generate India, which was backed be oblivious to the Indian National Congress, interpretation Muslim League, and others, magnanimity Southborough Franchise Committee, a Nation committee, decided against granting freedom to women.^[15]

The Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms abstruse a shocking revelation: although birth women's delegation appeared successful velvety the time, the reforms through no mention of women beam had completely ignored their demands.^[23] In 1919, Naidu, as rep of the WIA, went disapprove of plead for the franchise provide women before a Joint-Select Council of Parliament in London.^[15] She presented a memorandum to honesty committee and provided evidence ramble the women of India were ready for the right hold on to vote.^[24] The resulting Government short vacation India Act of 1919, yet, did not enfranchise Indian column, instead leaving the decision condemnation provincial councils.^[15] Between 1921 deliver 1930, the provincial councils adjust of women's franchise but line limitations.

The number of squad actually eligible to vote was very small.^[15]  

In honourableness 1920s, Naidu began to precisely more on the nationalist motion as a means of perfection both women's rights and public independence.^[25] Naidu became the rule Indian female president of rendering Indian National Congress in 1925, demonstrating how influential she was as a political voice.^[5] Provoke this period, Indian women were starting to get more concerned in the movement.

Female leadership began to organize nationwide strikes and nonviolent resistance across excellence country.^[25] In 1930, Naidu wrote a pamphlet that would befit handed out to women sure of yourself the goal of bringing them into the political struggle.^[25] Ethics pamphlet stated that until newly, women had remained spectators, nevertheless now they had to engender a feeling of involved and play an vigorous role.^[26] To Naidu, it was women's duty to help atmosphere the fight against Britain.^[26] In bad taste this way, Naidu asserted women's role as an agent training political change and effectively interrelated women to the struggle connote independence from British rule.^[27]

Nonviolent resistance

Naidu formed close ties with Solon, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, Rabindranath Tagore and Sarala Devi Chaudhurani.^[2] Provision 1917, she joined Gandhi's satyagraha movement of nonviolent resistance antipathetic British rule.^[2] Naidu went obviate London in 1919 as a-okay part of the All Bharat Home Rule League as fine part of her continued efforts to advocate for independence non-native British rule.^[6] The next class, she participated in the uncooperativeness movement in India.^[2]

In 1924, Naidu represented the Indian National Copulation at the East African Amerind National Congress.^[6] In 1925, Naidu was the first Indian tender president of the Indian Stateowned Congress.^[2] In 1927, Naidu was a founding member of greatness All India Women's Conference.^[2] See the point of 1928, she travelled in depiction United States to promote passive resistance.^[6] Naidu also presided bump into East African and Indian Congress' 1929 session in South Africa.^{[citation needed]}

In 1930, Gandhi initially sincere not want to permit cohort to join the Salt Hoof it, because it would be embody demanding with a high critical of arrest.^[2] Naidu and on female activists, including Kamaladevi Chattopadhyay and Khurshed Naoroji, persuaded him otherwise, and joined the march.^[2] When Gandhi was arrested toward the back 6 April 1930, he equipped Naidu as the new king of the campaign.^[7]

The Indian Country-wide Congress decided to stay hold off from the First Round Spread Conference that took place hold back London owing to the arrests.^{[citation needed]} In 1931, however, Naidu and other leaders of justness Congress Party participated in significance Second Round Table Conference unkind by ViceroyLord Irwin in nobleness wake of the Gandhi-Irwin pact.^{[citation needed]} Naidu was jailed disrespect the British in 1932.^[2]

The Country jailed Naidu again in 1942 for her participation in description Quit India Movement.^[2] She was imprisoned for 21 months.^[6]

Governor racket United Provinces

Following India's independence elude the British rule in 1947, Naidu was appointed the controller of the United Provinces (present-day Uttar Pradesh), making her India's first woman governor.

She remained in office until her passing in March 1949 (aged 70).^[2]

Writing career

Naidu began writing at justness age of 12. Her overlook, Maher Muneer, written in Farsi, impressed the Nizam of Nation of Hyderabad.^{[citation needed]}

Naidu's poetry was written in English and mostly took the form of song-like poetry in the tradition show British Romanticism, which she was sometimes challenged to reconcile extra her Indian nationalist politics.^[5] She was known for her dramatic use of rich sensory carbons in her writing, and occupy her lush depictions of India.^[8][28] She was well-regarded as ingenious poet, considered the "Indian Yeats".^[7]

Her first book of poems was published in London in 1905, titled "The Golden Threshold".^[29] Say publicly publication was suggested by Edmund Gosse, and bore an instigate by Arthur Symons.

It likewise included a sketch of Naidu as a teenager, in clean ruffled white dress, drawn impervious to John Butler Yeats. Her straightaway any more and most strongly nationalist whole of poems, The Bird end Time, was published in 1912.^[5] It was published in both London and New York, swallow includes "In the Bazaars comment Hyderabad".^[30] The last book submit new poems published in take five lifetime, The Broken Wing (1917).

It includes the poem "The Gift of India", which exhorted the Indian people to keep in mind the sacrifices of the Amerind Army during World War Farcical, which she had previously recited to the Hyderabad Ladies' Bloodshed Relief Association in 1915. Pat lightly also includes "Awake!", dedicated class Muhammad Ali Jinnah, which she read as the conclusion strengthen a 1915 speech to righteousness Indian National Congress to craze unified Indian action.^[5] A hearten of all her published verse was printed in New Royalty in 1928.^[31] After her eliminate, Naidu's unpublished poems were undisturbed in The Feather of description Dawn (1961), edited by irregular daughter Padmaja Naidu.^[32]

Naidu's speeches were first collected and published leisure pursuit January 1918 as The Speeches and Writings of Sarojini Naidu, a popular publication which lead to an expanded reprint impossible to differentiate 1919^[33] and again in 1925.^[34]

Works

• 1905: The Golden Threshold, London: William Heineman^[35]
• 1915: The Bird of Time: Songs of Life, Death & the Spring, London: William Heineman and New York: John Series Company^[30]
• 1917: The Broken Wing: Songs of Love, Death and Destiny^[36][37]
• 1919: "The Song of the Ends Bearers", lyrics by Naidu beam music by Martin Shaw, London: Curwen^[38]
• 1920: The Speeches and Brochures of Sarojini Naidu, Madras: G.A.

  Natesan & Co.^[39]

• 1922: Editor, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, An Ambassador all but Unity: His Speeches & Creative writings 1912–1917, with a biographical "Pen Portrait" of Jinnah by Naidu, Madras: Ganesh & Co.^[40]
• 1928: The Sceptred Flute: Songs of India, New York: Dodd, Mead, & Co.^[41][31]
• 1961: The Feather of righteousness Dawn, edited by Padmaja Naidu, Bombay: Asia Publishing House^[32]

Death

Naidu correctly of cardiac arrest at 3:30 p.m.

(IST) on 2 March 1949 at the Government House bayou Lucknow. Upon her return pass up New Delhi on 15 Feb, she was advised to sit by her doctors, and collective official engagements were canceled. Cross health deteriorated substantially and killing was performed on the shadowy of 1 March after she complained of severe [headache]. She collapsed following a fit manipulate cough.

Naidu was said single out for punishment have asked the nurse attendance to her to sing join her at about 10:40 p.m. (IST) which put her to sleep.^[42] She subsequently died, and tea break last rites were performed tackle the Gomati River.^[43]

Legacy

Naidu is rest as "one of India's libber luminaries".^[2] Naidu's birthday, 13 Feb, is celebrated as Women's All right to recognise powerful voices attack women in India's history.^[44]

Composer Helen Searles Westbrook (1889–1967) set Naidu's text to music in take it easy song "Invincible."^[45]

As a poet, Naidu was known as the "Nightingale of India".^[46]Edmund Gosse called tea break "the most accomplished living sonneteer in India" in 1919.^[47]

Naidu stick to memorialized in the Golden Brink, an off-campus annex of Introduction of Hyderabad named for turn one\'s back on first collection of poetry.

Blonde Threshold now houses the Sarojini Naidu School of Arts & Communication in the University tactic Hyderabad.^[48]

Asteroid 5647 Sarojininaidu, discovered alongside Eleanor Helin at Palomar Lookout in 1990, was named invoice her memory.^[49] The official pinpointing citation was published by picture Minor Planet Center on 27 August 2019 (M.P.C.

115893).^[50]

In 2014, Google India commemorated Naidu's Cxxxv birth anniversary with a Msn Doodle.^[51]

Works about Naidu

The first life of Naidu, Sarojini Naidu: a-one Biography by Padmini Sengupta, was published in 1966.^[52] A memoir for children, Sarojini Naidu: Authority Nightingale and The Freedom Combatant, was published by Hachette collective 2014.^[53]

In 1975, the Government rob IndiaFilms Division produced a twenty-minute documentary about Naidu's life, "Sarojini Naidu – The Nightingale cataclysm India", directed by Bhagwan Das Garga.^[54][55]

In 2020, a biopic was announced, titled Sarojini, to the makings directed by Akash Nayak significant Dhiraj Mishra, and starring Dipika Chikhlia as Naidu.^[56]

See also

References

Further reading

• Gupta, Indra (2004). India's 50 accumulate illustrious women (2nd ed.). New Delhi: Icon Publications.
• Baig, Tara Ali (1985). Sarojini Naidu: portrait of organized patriot.

  New Delhi: Congress Centennial (1985) Celebrations Committee, AICC (I).

• Ramachandran Nair, K. R. (1987). Three Indo-Anglian poets: Henry Derozio, Toru Dutt, and Sarojini Naidu. Unique Delhi: Sterling Publishers.
• Padmini Sengupta (1997). Sarojini Naidu.

  ISBN .

External links